Exploring the integration of green building elements into heritage conservation in Georgetown World Heritage site: common practices, challenges and strategies

Heritage buildings hold significant architectural and cultural values. It requires conservation efforts that balance preservation with sustainability. As urban sustainability gains global attention, integrating green elements into heritage conservation has become essential. However, limited acknowledgement on this effort poses challenges, leading to missed opportunities for environmental benefits. This study focuses of Georgetown, Penang, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its sustainability initiatives. It aims to develop a framework for integrating green elements into heritage conservation. A qualitative research design was employed, involving a rigorous literature review of 32 peer-reviewed articles. This study seeks to identify the green elements incorporated into heritage building conservation, investigate the challenges associated with their implementation and examine significant strategies for effective integration. The proposed conceptual framework outlines three key components, serving as a foundational approach for further empirical investigation. This study seeks to contribute to policy development and industry best practice to ensure eco-conscious heritage building preservation for future generations