Detection of wormhole attacks using AODV routing protocol in VANET

VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network) is a sort of wireless communication network intended exclusively for intelligent cars to interact and create a dynamic network that supports a variety of applications and services. The growing popularity of autonomous vehicles makes V ANET vulnerable to cyber-attacks. The attacker could intercept, edit, inject, and control traffic messages used to direct road vehicles. They also allow for the modification of messages and the spread of misleading road information, resulting in traffic congestion and road risks. Therefore, the objective is to investigate and simulate wormhole attacks using AODV routing protocol. Furthermore, network performance parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput, and End to End Delay are simulated under two different scenarios using the NS2 simulation tool. The simulation parameter covers 1000 x 1000 meters geographical area, with an increasing number of nodes. The results reveal that Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) provides a significant detection rate of Wormhole attacks with an average of92.52% when compared to Throughput and End to End Delay as the number of cars that represent congestion level increases. Wormhole attacks, as a result, constitute a substantial danger to network security and can negatively impair network performance and operation. Wormhole attacks, in general, highlight the significance of maintaining robust network security and raising awareness about potential vulnerabilities.