Validity and reliability testing of the generalized anxiety disorder 7 (GAD-7) and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-42) Malay language version

This study aimed to conduct validity and reliability testing of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 42) Malay language versions, addressing the need for standardised instruments in specific populations. The research methodology integrated quantitative components relevant to a development and validation framework. The qualitative phase involved translators and experts in anxiety and stress, with translation into Malay Language performed using a back-translation technique, and content validation conducted by experts in stress and anxiety to assess the clarity and comprehensibility of the questionnaire items. Subsequently, the quantitative phase involved statistical analysis for validity and reliability testing. The study's population consisted of active students and athletes in Malaysia, aged 18-30 years, participating in various sports. A sample of 58 athletes was selected using stratified random sampling to ensure representation from various sports, age groups, and regions. Data collection was conducted online using Google Forms over a period of four weeks. Demographic results showed an average respondent age of 22.21 years, with the youngest being 20.0 years and the oldest 28.0 years. The majority of respondents were male (69.1%) , pursuing sport study programmes (83.6%) , engaged in large ball games (58.2%) , and had achieved their highest performance level at university (67.3%). For the GAD-7, all items were found to be valid, with r-values ranging from 0.713 to 0.840, exceeding the r-table value of 0.2069. High reliability was also established, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.793. Similarly, all DASS 42 items were valid, with r-values between 0.518 and 0.976, surpassing the r-table value of 0.2542. The DASS 42 demonstrated good reliability, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.669. In conclusion, the Malay language versions of the GAD-7 and DASS 42 questionnaires are valid and reliable for use in the Malaysian student-athlete population, supporting their application in research and practice.