Assessment of fire protection system in public institutions: a comprehensive review

Fire protection systems are essential for ensuring the safety of occupants and infrastructure in public institutions. Effective fire prevention, detection, and suppression measures help to minimize fire-related risks, property damage, and potential loss of life. The effectiveness of these systems depends on factors such as design, maintenance, and compliance with safety regulations. However, one of the major concerns in public institutions is the adequacy and reliability of fire protection systems. Many facilities face challenges such as outdated equipment, lack of proper maintenance, non-compliance with safety standards, and insufficient fire safety awareness among occupants. These issues increase the risk of fire hazards, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of fire protection systems in public institutions by reviewing previous studies and case analyses. The key objective is to identify the key components of fire protection systems in public institutions. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing data from academic journals, regulatory guidelines, and case studies. The findings confirmed key fire protection parameters such as active and passive protection systems. The study revealed that many public institutions have fire protection systems in place, but their effectiveness is often compromised due to poor maintenance, outdated equipment, and inadequate staff training. Non-compliance with fire safety regulations remains a significant concern. Additionally, institutions with integrated fire detection and suppression systems, regular fire drills, and well-trained personnel demonstrated better fire preparedness and response capabilities. This research provides valuable insights into fire protection systems assessment in public institutions, contributing to improve safety measures and compliance with regulations, ultimately improving occupant safety and fire resilience.