Building Information Modelling execution plan (BEP) framework for Malaysian construction projects

This research aims to propose a BEP framework to support BIM implementation in Malaysian construction projects. A multi-method qualitative approach was employed, comprising document analysis and semi-structured interviews. The document analysis of fourteen BEP documents identified current BEP practices, while interviews with professionals involved in government BIM projects examined issues, potential improvements, and framework validation. The data were analysed using content analysis to enable a systematic and in-depth examination of qualitative findings. The document analysis revealed unstandardised BEP practices that contribute to miscommunication, incomplete planning, and inefficiencies during implementation. The interviews further identified five key issues: (i) lack of customisation, clarity, and knowledge in BEP development, (ii) inconsistent implementation across the project lifecycle, (iii) limited awareness, competency, and commitment, (iv) weak governance and alignment, and (v) poor oversight and mismatched practices. In response, four improvements were proposed: (i) structuring BEP development, (ii) strengthening application across project phases, (iii) reinforcing governance and enforcement, and (iv) enhancing training and competency. The resulting BEP conceptual framework consolidates these findings and contextualises BEP implementation within the Malaysian construction setting. This research is significant as it facilitates more consistent and effective BIM implementation, aligns with national strategies, and serves as a practical reference for industry stakeholders. Moreover, this research addresses the urgent need for a structured and locally relevant BEP framework suited to Malaysia’s BIM construction projects, thereby establishing a foundation for future studies on automated BEP processes and the localisation of international standards.