The challenges of digital inequalities in online and remote learning on B40 students during the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond

This qualitative research study explores the challenges faced by B40 students in Malaysia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the context of online and remote learning. By conducting in-depth interviews with 20 informants, including both students and lecturers, this research discovered several challenges, such as difficulties related to access to digital devices, reliable internet connectivity, and communication barriers. These challenges significantly impact B40 students' educational progress and overall well-being. The study does not just identify the problems but also explores potential strategies and interventions to address these issues, offering both short-term solutions for pandemic times and long-term approaches for sustainable digital inclusion. This study employed interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to further understand how individuals make sense of their lived experiences during the COVID-19 challenges. The findings highlighted the urgent need to tackle digital inequalities, not only for B40 students but for all, emphasizing the importance of effective interventions to minimize these disparities in the realm of online and remote learning. Policymakers and stakeholders are urged to prioritize creating an educational ecosystem that ensures equal opportunities for students, regardless of their socioeconomic status. By doing so, they can contribute to a future where all students have a level playing field in online and remote learning environments, fostering inclusivity and equity in the digital era and beyond.