Textual adversarial example generation system

Noor Azmi, Noor Adam and Fairuz, Haslizatul and Hanum, Mohamed (2026) Textual adversarial example generation system. Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC), 11 (1): 8. pp. 2437-2445. ISSN 2600-8238

Identification Number (DOI): 10.24191/mjoc.vo11i1.11057

Abstract

The vulnerability of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to adversarial attacks remains a critical challenge in the field of cybersecurity and AI robustness. While deep learning models have achieved high performance in sentiment analysis, they are susceptible to subtle input perturbations that induce misclassification. This study presents the design and practical implementation of a web-based system (Proof of Concept) that automates the generation of textual adversarial examples using the Bigram Unigram-Semantic Preservation Optimization (BU-SPOF) algorithm. Rather than proposing a novel attack algorithm, our primary contribution is the architectural integration of a dual-source candidate generation strategy (WordNet and OpenHowNet) and a Probability Weighted Word Saliency (PWWS) mechanism to perturb input text while maintaining linguistic coherence. The system was evaluated against a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) sentiment classifier using the IMDB dataset.

Metadata

Item Type: Article
Creators:
Creators
Email / ID Num.
Noor Azmi, Noor Adam
adam.azmi1519gmail.com
Fairuz, Haslizatul
haslizatul@uitm.edu.my
Hanum, Mohamed
UNSPECIFIED
Subjects: Q Science > QA Mathematics
Q Science > QA Mathematics > Instruments and machines > Electronic Computers. Computer Science
Divisions: Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam > College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics
Journal or Publication Title: Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)
UiTM Journal Collections: UiTM Journals > Malaysian Journal of Computing (MJoC)
ISSN: 2600-8238
Volume: 11
Number: 1
Page Range: pp. 2437-2445
Keywords: Adversarial examples, BU-SPOF, NLP robustness, Probability weighted word saliency, Sentiment analysis
Date: April 2026
URI: https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/136304
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