Mechanistic insights into the NF-κB/iNOS/HO-1 mediated immunomodulatory effects of Myrmecodia platytyrea Becc. tuber extract against oxidative stress and inflammation: integrative multi-omics and in silico characterisation

Myrmecodia platytyrea Becc. is a medicinal plant indigenous to the Southeast Asia region, specifically Indonesia and Malaysia. Its ethnomedicinal uses encompass anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be attributed to its significant antioxidant potential. Nevertheless, there is insufficient phytochemical characterisation and an unclear mechanism of action of the ethyl acetate extract of M. platytyrea tuber (EAMPT). Hence, the study aimed to consolidate existing research gaps concerning the biological activities of the Myrmecodia genus and elucidate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and mechanisms of EAMPT using an integrative approach. A combined bibliometric and scoping analysis was conducted to delineate current global trends and emerging research hotspots in Myrmecodia research. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses, including metabolomics, were carried out to characterise the phytochemical constituents of EAMPT. In vitro studies employing the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line were conducted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of EAMPT against the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation at both gene and protein levels.