I-HATIC: a digital framework for interactive tutoring handwriting Islamic calligraphy

Nowadays, technologies are used in education to transmit information to all people. People can learn through the learning application, which contains education content that provides access from anywhere. Previous research also used electrical stimulation to help users write calligraphy and a tablet to record calligraphy traces to assess calligraphy fonts. It motivated the framework's limitations for interactive handwriting tutoring in Islamic calligraphy. The learner's exquisite fonts can be readily disrupted by electrical stimulation and users find it difficult to trace the letters of calligraphy. Therefore, this study proposed interactive tutoring in the handwriting Islamic calligraphy framework, namely the I-HATIC framework, as a guideline for designing and developing tutoring applications specifically for handwriting Islamic calligraphy. The tutoring application based on the proposed I-HATIC framework describes how human and computer interaction creates good calligraphy or style handwriting in interactive ways. It is motivated by the lack of a well-trained trainer teaching handwriting Islamic calligraphy and limitation of application to teach Islamic calligraphy. The methodology of this study involves four phases. Phase 1: Problem Investigation, which explores, defines, and understands the research problem through literature review and preliminary study. Next, phase 2: Framework Development, which involves content analysis and analysing the proposed components of the I-HATIC Framework. The initial draft of the I-HATIC Framework was validated by the expert review through face validation and content validation. The finalized and validated IHATIC Framework has four components: Student Component, Tutoring Component, Expert Component, and Interactive Interface Component, with 28 criteria. Phase 3: Framework Evaluation involves an evaluation of a prototype demonstration, MobileCalliph: Learning Calligraphy for Beginners Application that implements a validated I-HATIC Framework. Next, the evaluation of the prototype shows a high level of interactivity, with an overall mean of 4.13 (82.68%) while participants were demonstrating the application. As a result, the proposed I-HATIC framework can be a guideline for producing up-and-coming handwriting Islamic calligraphy tutoring applications to attract more young generations to explore Islamic calligraphy and solve the problems of limited, well-trained trainers.