RFID-enabled electromagnetic door lock system powered by solar panel

Most doors that use traditional lock systems, which utilize mechanical locks, are being replaced by electrical and control-based lock systems that offer more capabilities and features compared to traditional lock systems. One of the most important features of these lock systems is their high efficiency. In this project, an electromagnetic lock system was constructed by combining mechanical and electronic components into a functional device. A microcontroller ESP32 was used to control every function, process information, and relay signals to all the other components in the device. The inputs for this device include an RFID module, a push button, and a mobile app. The RFID module reads the UID of the RFID tag or card presented by the user. The push button functions as a way of opening the lock from the inside, while the mobile app serves as a remote control to open the lock without presenting an RFID tag or card. An electromagnetic lock secures the door during the lock state. The main system performances include a read range of approximately 20 mm and the ability to detect RFID tags or cards through thin materials like paper, plastic, glass, and cloth. However, materials like aluminum and iron interfere with the RFID reader, preventing it from reading the RFID UID.