The pattern of heritage mosque expansion in Melaka and its impact on cultural significance

Mosque expansion is commonly done to accommodate growing congregations and improve facilities. However, for heritage mosques, expansion poses challenges by potentially affecting their cultural significance. This study examines the expansion patterns of Sino-Eclectic heritage mosques in Melaka and their impact on form, fabric, and function. Using qualitative methods, including observation and expert interviews, four case studies— Kampung Hulu Mosque, Tengkera Mosque, Kampung Duyong Mosque, and Serkam Pantai Mosque—were analysed. Findings show that expansions primarily occur at the left, right, and front verandas, rather than the qibla wall. Two approaches were identified: direct extensions from the original structure and separate structures connected by narrow pathways. These expansions affect architectural value by reducing appreciation for the original design while enhancing functionality. Roof shape, size, placement, and colour influence architectural perception. This study provides guidance on compatible expansions, emphasizing a balance between preserving tangible and intangible heritage values.