Enhancing efficiency and user engagement in recycling collection points: a comprehensive framework for design and layout in Ipoh

Ipoh's recycling collection points face inefficiencies due to poor accessibility, unclear signage, and low user participation, limiting their effectiveness in waste management. Despite growing environmental awareness, existing studies often overlook the integration of user-friendly design, technology, and community engagement in optimising collection points. Addressing this gap, this study aims to enhance recycling infrastructure by identifying key design elements that influence user engagement and efficiency. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving literature reviews, case studies, and direct observations of selected collection points. The findings reveal that accessibility, technological integration, spatial organisation, and user incentives significantly impact participation. Smart bins, interactive displays, and clear signage improve usability, while community involvement fosters long-term engagement. Future research should explore the real-world implementation of smart technologies and conduct large-scale behavioural studies to validate proposed solutions. By refining design strategies and integrating digital solutions, Ipoh can establish a more efficient, inclusive, and sustainable recycling system.