Optimization of the parking lot design: a mathematical modeling approach

Nowadays, having a car is essential for easy transportation at any time. The use of private vehicles is increasing, especially in urban areas, due to rapid economic growth. Currently, the number of registered vehicles exceeds the total number of people living in Malaysia. In this case, the state of the parking lot should play an important role in keeping the area in top condition and preventing overcrowding while prioritizing safety. The Pizza/KFC outlets at Seremban 2, Negeri Sembilan, are struggling with a parking shortage that must be fixed so that employees, managers, and customers can utilize it without crowding in. The mathematical model aims to optimize the best parking layout, maximize the number of parking spaces, and prioritize user safety. This research developed a parallelogram concept approach to maximize parking lot numbers. This study presented two different parking design types: diagonal (angle) parking and perpendicular parking, each with various angles and three types of measurements for calculating parking space areas. After analyzing this case study, the researchers have found that the number of parking lots for Pizza/KFC outlets is affected by the angle, length, width of parking spaces, and width of parking lot lanes. Thus, the parallelogram concept is used to identify the design. As a result, by comparing these three measurements, an angle of 90 degrees will accommodate 23 parking lots appropriate for the area using standard measurements in 2018. Even though using standard measurement in 2018 got fewer parking lots compared to the current number, this study still considered the safety of users followed by the size of cars nowadays. So, the findings of this study have proven that the mathematical model can be applied to calculate the parking capacity in specific areas, especially in limited areas.