Implementation of transport layer security with AES algorithm in IoT networks using MQTT protocol

In the modern world of IoT (Internet of Things), data security is crucial as all technologies are now interconnected. While computing software and hardware have improved security, IoT devices still lack adequate protection. To address this issue, the researchers propose using Transport Layer Security (TLS) with the AES algorithm and the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol to secure IoT devices. The goal is to prevent data theft by encrypting transmitted data, making it unreadable to attackers. To test the impact of TLS implementation, the researchers evaluated RAM (Random Access Memory) usage, CPU (Central Processing Unit) utilization, and communication delay on the ESP32 microcontroller. With TLS enabled, the average remaining RAM was 180,256 bytes out of 520 KB, CPU usage was 0.53% out of 240 MHz, and the delay was 0.475 seconds. Without TLS, the average remaining RAM was 224,825 bytes out of 520 KB, CPU usage was 0.2% out of 240 MHz, and the delay was 0.248 seconds. These results indicate that the performance impact of TLS on the ESP32 is relatively small, suggesting that enhanced security measures can be implemented without significantly affecting system resources or performance.