Multi-benefit compensation scheme development for grid-connected solar PV prosumers using CRITIC-TOPSIS.

A sustainable electricity grid requires strategic planning to optimize renewable energy adoption and its benefits. Despite rapid solar PV growth in Malaysia, challenges remain in optimizing compensation schemes with tariff structures and energy-sharing models, making it a relevant case study. Research on techno-economic and environmental impacts, including Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), remains scarce. The absence of dedicated evaluation tools complicates investment planning, highlighting the need for a comprehensive framework. Hence, this study develops an optimal solar PV compensation scheme and a novel Multi-Benefits Decision-Making (MBDM) index for PV investment planning, with or without BESS, and within energy-sharing communities. It considers various tariff structures (flat, Enhanced Time of Use (ETOU), and System Marginal Price (SMP)), compensation schemes (Self-Consumption (SELCO), Net Energy Metering (NEM 2.0, NEM 3.0)), multiple PV capacity sizes, and BESS autonomy hours. CI commercial flat consumers are chosen to evaluate feasibility and impact.