The antecedents of SME Internationalisation in Sabah: a configurational approach

This study examines the antecedents driving SME internationalisation in Sabah, Malaysia, using quantitative survey data analysed through Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA). Specifically, it focuses on firm maturity (age of the firm) and internationalisation liabilities (foreignness, newness, expansion, complexity). This study identifies the various configurations that could contribute to the high degree of internationalisation. These findings highlight the stabilising role of firm age or maturity in mitigating liability effects, especially liability of newness, offering valuable insights for theoretical development and practical applications in SME internationalisation. The results are consistent with the Dynamic Capability Framework, indicating the firm's ability to integrate and reconfigure internal and external resources or competencies to meet rapidly changing business environments. In practice, this study provides strategic recommendations for SMEs in Sabah, advocating that mature firms leverage their market experience and capabilities while younger firms should focus on building resilience and strategic adaptability to improve international competitiveness. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the internationalisation dynamics of SMEs and provides a nuanced framework for developing tailored strategies that promote sustainable growth and resilience in global markets.