Sustaining diabetes self management through of social ecological lens

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition that requires continuous self-management to achieve optimal blood glucose control. One of the most important self-care behaviours for people living with diabetes is self- monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (1). Through regular monitoring, patients are able to understand their glucose patterns and make informed decisions related to diet, physical activity, and insulin self-adjustment (2). However, despite its proven benefits, sustaining adherence to SMBG remains a major challenge among diabetes patients in Malaysia, particularly in primary care settings (3).