Recent updates on BiVO4 based materials on surface area modification with various photocatalytic applications and hydrogen production

Presently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted on bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), acting as semiconductor photocatalyst to deal with environmental and energy-related problems. Though numerous benefits have been introduced, it seems that there are some drawbacks on bismuth vanadate especially toward its surface area alteration. Therefore, an increasing number of reviews have been made, discussing different modifications, to find an effective solution to overcome its restrictions while improving the photocatalytic properties of BiVO4. In this review, all updates on recent studies have been comprehensively summed up, including the modification to improve its surface area, light absorbency, overcome charge recombination, as well as minimize the band gap energy on BiVO4. In addition, comparison studies have also been done to identify methods that provide more advantages in terms of eco-friendly, save resources, save cost and time effectiveness. Besides that, synopsis of BiVO4- based photocatalyst related photodegradation and hydrogen application also highlighted in this review to conclusively provide comprehensive understanding on restrictions of BiVO4 materials. Thus, through their modification abilities in overcoming each limitation, helping numerous researchers to establish a better framework to produce effective photocatalysts on BiVO4 pertaining to the environment, especially in waste water remediation and energy aspects.