Development, characterization and performance assesment of biodegradable oil sorbents from spent coffee grounds and natural fibres

Nowadays, anything possessing environmentally friendly features is one of the most desired qualities in technology. Sustainable features are one of the most desired qualities in technology. As sustainable oil absorbents, this study examines the properties and oil absorption capabilities of spent coffee grounds (SCG) mixed with natural polymer particularly kapok and cotton. To assess its effectiveness, SCG, which is well known for its porous structure and high carbon content, was mixed separately with kapok and cotton in various weight ratios. The components were dried, ground and mixed to create the composites, which were then moulded and dried in the oven to create absorbent pads. The materials functional groups, surface morphology, surface area, and crystallinity were investigated using characterization methods such Density, Oil absorption capacity, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and flexibility using tensile strength test of the oil spill kit. According to oil absorption test, SCG had a much lower absorption capacity (0.3885g/g), whereas cotton had the maximum oil uptake (9.472 g/g), followed by kapok fibre (8.782 g/g). the findings show that fibres with larger porosity and lower density perform better in oil absorbing. Functional groups that affect oil affinity and absorption behavior, such as hydroxyl (O-H), aliphatic (-CH), and cellulose-related bonds, were verified by FTIR analysis. Tensile strength tests showed that the material composition affected the absorbent pad mechanical stability. Overall, the results indicate that cotton and kapok fibres are very good at absorbing oil, and SCG may be used as a filler. This study shows how natural and waste-derived materials may be used as inexpensive, environmentally acceptable substitutes for manufactured oil absorbents.