Optimization of PMMA engraving parameter using CO₂ laser based on surface roughness output

The investigation of the laser engraving process has been the focus of a significant amount of research in the field of laser machines. On the surface of the material, gaps and imperfections will appear as a natural result of the engraving process. It is widely held that the surface texture of a material has a significant impact on the material's mechanical qualities, as well as its functional performance and aesthetic appeal. However, there is limited data available on how specific engraving parameters, such as laser power, scanning speed, scan gap, and nozzle distance, affect the surface roughness in both horizontal and vertical measurements.