The urban farming practices towards Horticultural Therapy (HT) in Shah Alam

A state of emotional suffering that manifests as physical symptoms, known as psychological distress, which includes stress, anxiety, and depression. A survey done by the government of Malaysia highlighted a rise in mental health disorders across various community layers, signalling the urgent need for improved healthcare services and public health strategies. Various research indicates that engaging with nature can enhance mental well-being, and urban farming trends have gained traction as a community-based intervention. This research aims to develop the Horticultural Therapy (HT) model within urban farming communities by examining the characteristics, activities and motivations influencing stress reduction. The research objectives were: (1) To evaluate the correlation between HT characteristics and urban farming characteristics which can be integrated; (2) To analyze the relationship between urban farming activities and the stress levels of the urban farming communities, and, (3) To explore the role of motivation in moderating the relationship between urban farming activities and stress reduction within the community. A mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach were employed combining in-depth interviews with experts and questionnaire surveys to urban farming communities in Shah Alam area. The findings revealed that plant selection significantly impacts stress levels, whether alleviating or exacerbating them. The integration of qualitative and quantitative data facilitated the development of the HT model, provided a framework for future urban farming programs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of HT within urban farming communities as an effective intervention for reducing stress and improving psychological well-being. The development of the HT model, grounded in its core characteristics, provides a practical framework for maximizing the mental health benefits of urban farming initiatives. As urbanization continues to rise, integrating nature-based interventions like HT will become increasingly vital for promoting both individual and community well-being. Future research should further investigate the broader applications of HT in urban settings, with an emphasis on enhancing its accessibility and effectiveness.