Potential health risk of heavy metal exposure from the consumption of centella asiatica sold in selected markets in Kuala Selangor

Centella asiatica is a commonly consumed medicinal plant in Malaysia as side dish due to its benefits and availability at low cost. This study was conducted to assess the potential health risk of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Fe exposure from the consumption of Centella asiatica sold in selected markets in Kuala Selangor district. 30 samples of Centella asiatica were bought from markets in nine subdistricts. The concentration of the heavy metals was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were compared with Food Regulations 1985 and FAO/WHO. It revealed that Pb concentrations violated the standard. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) for Pb concentration in 4 subdistricts. There were significant differences for Cd concentrations in 4 subdistricts. 8 subdistricts showed significant differences in Cu concentration. 6 subdistricts had significant differences in Zn concentration. 8 subdistricts had significant differences in Fe concentration. Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) for Pb and Hazard Index (HI) of the heavy metals indicated possible adverse non-cancer health risks associated with long-term consumption of Centella asiatica. All results were complied with threshold value for the cumulative cancer risk (TCR). Precautionary actions to prevent the excessive buildup of heavy metals in Centella asiatica are essential in order to ensure consumer safety.