Factors contributing to non-physical waste in construction industry

The construction industry plays a crucial role in national development but is also a significant source of environmental degradation due to the large amount of waste it generates. Although much attention has been given to managing physical waste, non-physical waste has encompassed inefficiencies like poor workmanship, time overruns, and cost overruns. It has remained largely unaddressed but equally significant. This study's objectives are to identify the types of non-physical waste in the construction industry, identify the factors contributing to its generation, and recommend strategies for its reduction. Using a structured questionnaire distributed to contractors in Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, the research gathers data on demographic information and key factors contributing to non-physical waste. The findings indicate that non-physical waste substantially impacts project costs, productivity, and sustainability. The study highlights the necessity of effective management through enhanced project management, better communication, and sustainable practices. Tackling non-physical waste is essential for improving overall project performance and achieving sustainable development in the construction sector.