Affirmative action in higher education: the Malaysian experience / Ibrahim Ali

The topic of affirmative actions in higher education consists of two interrelated areas of inquiry which have long been discussed in many different contexts. This article gives accounts about affirmative action and its cases in higher education in Malaysia. Beginning with a summary of various aspects of affirmative action, the article highlights important milestones in the development of higher education in Malaysia, particularly those related to affirmative action. In the next part, it describes the metamorphosis of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) as a case study of the implementation of affirmative action in higher education in Malaysia.