Surface characteristics of calcium chloride surface-treated mini implant / Noor Ainnilwahida Alias ... [et al.]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the surface characteristics of surface-treated titanium orthodontic mini-implant (MI) with acid etching and immersion in different conditions (concentrations, temperature and duration) of calcium chloride (CaCl₂).
Materials and Methods: Eighty-four MI by Orthodontic Microimplant AbsoAnchor® System (Dentos Inc.) were utilised in this study. Surface roughness was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively with a scanning electron micrograph (SEM)(at 50x,500x and 1000x magnifications) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) (Fei Quanta FEG 450 Environmental Electron Microscope) of the surface-treated MI with different conditions of CaCl₂ immersions; concentrations (0.01 M, 0.1 M & 1.0 M), temperature (5°C,15°C and 25°C) and duration ( 1hour, 7 hours and 24 hours).
Results: Surface topography changes were observed due to increase in surface roughness of MI treated with acid etching and CaCl immersions at various conditions . There was a significant difference in surface topographic changes seen by various irregularities with small cavities and protrusions were observed on surface of the MIs at different magnifications. The highest level of Ca 2+ concentration detected was in 0.1 M at 5°C for 7 hours of CaCl₂ immersion.
Conclusion: MI surface modification using CaCl surface treatment provided a significant difference in surface topographic changes seen 2 between the MI groups. Hence, it increased the potential surface area of 2