Technical report: shade balls as method of evaporation suppression in dam / Khufiyah Hubbani Khairul Anwar, Nur Shakirah Mohd Zulkeffli and Nurul Syahirah Hashim

The project is to discover how shade balls can help Malaysia in reducing the effect of evaporation that leads to water rationing. The method is decided to be proposed in Malaysia after seeing nowadays phenomenon of El Nino that caused drastic water loss from dams. Some of the evaporation factors are being considered to carry out this project and the methodology is applied based on these factors. The different diameters of shade balls to cover the dam are picked to demonstrate the coverage area of water surface towards evaporation effect. The number of shade balls to be used is determined by the manipulation of shade balls' diameter which will result in how much area of water is getting exposed. In order to accomplish the objectives of this project, Clausius Clapeyron and Dalton's evaporation equation are used. The results obtain has proven that shade balls are significant evaporation suppression method as they help to save huge volume of water from evaporating. In future, this method is hope to be applied in Malaysia.