Utilization of palm kernel and coconut shells as partial replacement of aggregates incorporating alum sludge as partial replacement for cement / Darren Siow Yuen ... [et al.]

The construction industry plays a significant role in resource consumption and environmental impact. This study explores the potential of creating sustainable lightweight wall panels by incorporating waste materials such as coconut shell and palm kernel shell, coupled with alum sludge as a partial replacement for cement. The aim is to reduce the environmental footprint of traditional construction materials while promoting the efficient utilization of agricultural and industrial by-products. Coconut and palm kernel shells, both abundant agricultural waste products, are chosen for their lightweight and durable characteristics. These natural fibres offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional construction materials, contributing to resource conservation and reducing the demand for conventional building components. Alum sludge, a by-product of water treatment processes, is introduced as a partial replacement for cement in the composite material. This not only minimizes the environmental impact of alum sludge disposal but also enhances the material's mechanical properties. The inclusion of alum sludge aims to improve the compressive strength and durability of the lightweight wall panels, making them a viable and sustainable option for construction applications.