An exploration of interdisciplinary insights: unravelling CYP2C9 inhibition via metabolomics / Fazleen Haslinda Mohd Hatta

The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes play a crucial role in drug metabolism, detoxification, and synthesis of endogenous compounds. They are expressed primarily in the liver, involved in the biotransformation of a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics. The activity of CYP450 enzymes can be modulated by a variety of factors including genetic polymorphisms, drug-drug interactions, and the environment. Several studies have demonstrated that exposure to immunogens can significantly affect the expression and activity of CYP450 enzymes. For example, cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) have been shown to influence the expression of various CYP450 isoforms, including CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP2C19.