Analyzing land surface temperature in response to massive urbanization by using single window algorithm in Penang Island / Ainna Naeemah Zainal Abidin

Large scales of human activities are continuously increasing the area which
can be term as urban. Rapid urbanization indirectly may cause significant changes
especially in Land Use Land Cover of particular area. Consequently, as cities been
developed, changes may occur not only in term of physical landscape but also caused
changes in building, road and other infrastructures which then will take over the area
of open land and vegetation. When development of cities took place, consequently
will increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which in turn
affecting the surface energy budget and indirectly may affect in global climate. Land
Surface Temperature is one of the key parameters in order to estimate the surface
energy budget assessing massive urbanization (Srivastava, Majumdar, &
Bhattacharya, 2010). Thus, this study has been conducted for the purpose of analyzing
the relationship between Land Surface Temperature due to massive urbanization in
Penang Island. In order to achieve the aim, several objective must be carried out
which are including the classification process in order to identify urban area in
Penang Island in both image. Next will be the extraction of Land Surface Temperature
(LST) by using Spectral Radiance Model and Single Window Algorithm through the
satellite imagery. Last objectives will be the analysis on the relationship between the
dependent and independent variables that be made through the correlation coefficient
analysis. This study involved the Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery
to be used as data to achieve the aim. Apart from classification process. Normalized
Difference Built up Index (NDBI) is also been used for the aim of detecting urban
area. Through the value obtained in regression analysis, strong positive relationship
exist between Land Surface Temperature (LST) as it is proved it might be affect by
massive urbanization in Penang Island.