Extraction of volatile oil from ginger (zingiber officinale roscoe) / Wan Mohd Fathulmuin Wan Hassan

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is well known as a spice which has been
used over 2000 year ago. It can be found in tropical region such as Malaysia,
Indonesia and Thailand. Ginger has highly used in the worldwide as a spice,
herbal remedy, and flavoring agent etc. This final year project is about the
Extraction of Volatile Oil from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) that is
obtained from Malaysia local market. Hydrodistillation process was conducted
in order to extract the essential oil from the rhizome ginger. It was separate
using hexane and chloroform in order to determine the desire compound at
different polarity of solvent. The major compound that will present in the
essential oil of ginger is depending on the extraction time of plant studied. The
percent yield obtained from hexane extract for two hour and four hour of
extraction was 0.1059% and 0.1663%. Meanwhile, the percent yield from
choloroform extract for two hour and four hour of extraction was 0.0591% and
0.1358%. GC-MS analysis was used in order to determine desire compound in
the ginger oil. Seven chemical compounds was founds on chloroform extract at
two and four hour of extraction time which is 2-hydroxycineol (2 hr : 71.6%), 8hydroxyneomenthol
(2 hr : 31.3%), oleic acid (2 hr : 29.8%), 3-deoxyestradiol
(2 hr : 56.8%) and 6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3-methyl-2-cyclohexenol (4 hr :
26.0%), adipic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (4 hr : 20.8%) and 2methylenecholestan-
3-01 (4 hr : 22.5%), respectively. Meanwhile, nine chemical
compounds was found on hexane extract at two and four hour of extraction time,
ᵝ-Linalool (2 hr : 70.2% ; 4 hr : 61.7%), α-terpineol (2 hr : 58.3%), ᵝ-citral (2 hr
ix
: 72.6% ; 4 hr : 46.1 %), α-citral (2 hr : 73.8%), α-curcumene (2 hr : 87.2% ; 4 hr
: 76.6%), zingiberenol (2 hr : 56.2%) and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one (4 hr :
77.3%), nerolidol (4 hr: 45.2%), retinoic acid, methyl ester (4hr: 52.9%). Nine
compounds, 2-hydroxycineol, 8-hydroxyneomenthol, oleic acid, 3deoxyestradiol
6-(1-hydroxy-l-methylethyl)-3-methyl-2-cyclohexenol, adipic
acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one and retinoic acid,
methyl ester was reported for a first time in Zingiberaceae family while 2methylenecholestan-
3-o1 was first time found in this species.