Assessment of topographic mapping by using digital camera, digital consumer grade camera and Aster 30 in term of accuracy and quality in kampung Asam Kubang, Taiping, perak / Abdul Wafi Abd Ghani

In this study were review if the accuracy of different sensor across platform and the
quality that it can provide. The accuracy of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that is
fitted with small to medium format been said will be on par with the large format Digital
Metric Camera (DMC). Therefore, this study will focus on the accuracy of the orthophoto
and Digital Surface Model (DSM) for each platform. The study area is situated at
Kampung Asam Kubang, Taiping, Perak. The aerial images are collected by the Ebee
drone that is fitted with the Sony WX220 RGB that has been calibrated, DMC images that
are supplied by JUPEM and the ASTER 30 images that are obtained on the web. The
DMC image has been processed by the JUPEM which cover the Taiping area. For the
UAV images, it covers the Kampung Asam Kubang area which has been chosen as study
area because there is enough features to widespread the GCP throughout the area. The
area covered is about 1.0504 km" with the altitude about 200m. The satellite imagery is
covering the whole area in Malaysia with the 30m accuracy. The UAV images are
processed with the Pix4D TM software which uses the SFM (Stmcture From Motion)
algorithm. There are 12 GCP (Ground Control Points) that are spread throughout the
study area that is measured with the static method by using a Trimble R4, R6 and Topcon
GR5. For the VP (Verification Points), there is 30 points in total that is observed with
Topcon GR5 by using the RTK (Real Time Kinematics) method. There also 3 BM
(Benchmark) that is observed with the Trimble and Topcon instruments by using static
method to control and reduce the ellipsoidal height to orthometric height. The result for
mapping accuracy for UAV and DMC are based on the RMSE value which is northing
0.1455m and 2.1813. For easting for UAV and DMC is 0.0289m and 3.0133m. For
vertical component the comparison would be with UAV (Researcher) and UAV (JUPEM)
because the DMC did not supplied with the DTM (Digital Terrain Model), the result is for
elevation is 0.1783m and 2.2497m. DSM (Digital Surface Model) also compared in the
term of quality. The highest quality DSM is from the UAV which have the same
resolution as the GSD (Ground Survey Distance). The final result of research shows that
the data from UAV is more superior to the other data sources. Besides, the data from the
UAV also can be used in other surveying use. In conclusion, the UAV data can be
effectively applied in the surveying industries which provide efficient and effective
practices for all sorts of surveying.